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GL-XE300/extroot.txt
2025-11-22 11:36:47 -08:00

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OpenWrt 24.x Extroot on XE300
Goal: Use a 512 GB microSD card as the router's writable storage (overlay),
single ext4 partition, no data copied from internal flash.
Assumptions (based on your box):
Device: GL-iNet XE300
OpenWrt: 24.x, fresh flash
SD card location: built-in slot
Detected as: /dev/sda with one partition /dev/sda1
Overlay: You don't care about existing data on the card or in the old overlay
1. Insert card & install required packages
Insert the microSD card.
SSH into the router (root@192.168.x.x, etc).
Install the extroot-related packages:
opkg update
opkg install block-mount kmod-fs-ext4 kmod-usb-storage e2fsprogs
What they do:
block-mount - block info, fstab handling, extroot logic
kmod-fs-ext4 - kernel driver for ext4 filesystem
kmod-usb-storage - makes the SD slot show up as /dev/sda
e2fsprogs - provides mkfs.ext4
2. Confirm the SD card is /dev/sda and /dev/sda1
Check dmesg:
dmesg | grep -i sd
On the XE300 you should see:
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] 1000005632 512-byte logical blocks: (512 GB/477 GiB)
sda: sda1
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Attached SCSI removable disk
This tells you:
Disk: /dev/sda
Partition already present: /dev/sda1
If /dev/sda1 is missing, you'd need to partition manually. In your case, it exists already.
3. Format /dev/sda1 as ext4 for extroot
mkfs.ext4 -L extroot /dev/sda1
If you get a warning like “contains an exfat file system - Proceed anyway? (y,N)”, type:
y
You should see output ending with success and a UUID.
4. Grab the UUID and create the extroot fstab entry
UUID=$(block info | awk -F\" '/sda1/ {print $2}')
echo $UUID
Sample UUID output:
4851f00e-696b-47d3-a529-82c2aca292db
Now write the minimal extroot config using uci:
uci set fstab.extroot="mount"
uci set fstab.extroot.uuid="$UUID"
uci set fstab.extroot.target="/overlay"
uci set fstab.extroot.fstype="ext4"
uci set fstab.extroot.enabled="1"
uci commit fstab
Sanity-check the file:
cat /etc/config/fstab
Expected output:
config global
option anon_swap '0'
option anon_mount '0'
option auto_swap '1'
option auto_mount '1'
option delay_root '5'
option check_fs '0'
config mount 'extroot'
option uuid '4851f00e-696b-47d3-a529-82c2aca292db'
option target '/overlay'
option fstype 'ext4'
option enabled '1'
Not included:
No /rwm mount
No copy of internal overlay
This is a clean, SD-only overlay setup.
5. Reboot into extroot
reboot
Wait for the router to come back up, then SSH in again.
6. Verify that the SD card is now your root overlay
df -h
Expected output:
Filesystem Size Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/root 4.0M 4.0M 0 100% /rom
tmpfs 58.7M 200.0K 58.5M 0% /tmp
/dev/sda1 468.3G 2.1M 444.4G 0% /overlay
overlayfs:/overlay 468.3G 2.1M 444.4G 0% /
Explanation:
/dev/root at /rom → read-only squashfs from flash
/dev/sda1 at /overlay → SD card is the writable layer
overlayfs:/overlay on / → full rootfs = ROM + SD overlay
You now have a 468 GB OpenWrt box.
Extra checks (optional)
mount | grep sda1
mount | grep overlay
Should return:
/dev/sda1 on /overlay type ext4
overlayfs:/overlay on / type overlay
7. Quick functional test
opkg install tcpdump
df -h /overlay
You should see a small increase in Used for /dev/sda1, proving packages are installed to SD-backed overlay—not internal flash.